{"id":4602,"date":"2022-10-07T17:38:09","date_gmt":"2022-10-07T22:38:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/read.streamapse.com\/?p=4602"},"modified":"2022-10-07T17:38:09","modified_gmt":"2022-10-07T22:38:09","slug":"loretta-lynn-was-a-spokeswoman-for-white-rural-working-class-women-she-was-more-than-a-great-songwriter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/?p=4602","title":{"rendered":"Loretta Lynn Was A Spokeswoman For White Rural Working-Class Women \u2013 She Was More Than A Great Songwriter"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Loretta Lynn\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/10\/04\/arts\/music\/loretta-lynn-dead.html\">death at the age of 90<\/a> marks the end of a remarkable life of achievement in country music.<\/p>\n<p>Her dramatic life story \u2013 retold in the 1980 award-winning film \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0080549\/\">Coal Miner\u2019s Daughter<\/a>,\u201d based on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.grandcentralpublishing.com\/titles\/loretta-lynn\/coal-miners-daughter\/9781538701690\/\">Lynn\u2019s 1976 biography<\/a> \u2013 made Lynn a household name. She grew up in poverty in a small Kentucky mining town, marrying and starting a family as a teenager before reaching unprecedented heights of commercial success as a recording artist of modern country music.<\/p>\n<p>But as a <a href=\"https:\/\/arts-sciences.buffalo.edu\/music\/faculty\/faculty-directory.host.html\/content\/shared\/arts-sciences\/music\/new-faculty-profiles\/vander-wel-stephanie.html\">scholar of gender and country music<\/a> and author of \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.press.uillinois.edu\/books\/?id=p084959\">Hillbilly Maidens, Okies, and Cowgirls: Women\u2019s Country Music, 1930-1960<\/a>,\u201d I know that Lynn represented more than just star power and fame in country music \u2013 she spoke to the concerns of women, especially white working-class women in rural and suburban America.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ticketstream.streamapse.com\/live-concerts\/the-kid-rock-2022-bad-reputation-tour\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4203\" src=\"http:\/\/read.streamapse.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/BANNER_Kid_Rock.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"961\" height=\"306\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Speaking up, singing out<\/h2>\n<p>Lynn\u2019s rise in the 1960s took place when country music appeared tied to conservative politics. It was a time when Merle Haggard\u2019s \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/california-scholarship-online\/book\/28551\/chapter-abstract\/238414028?redirectedFrom=fulltext\">Okie from Muskogee<\/a>,\u201d with its attacks on counterculture, marijuana and draft-card burning, became a populist anthem for the country\u2019s cultural conservatives.<\/p>\n<p>In contrast, Lynn\u2019s songwriting continued the legacy of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/local\/obituaries\/la-me-kitty-wells-20120717-story.html\">Kitty Wells<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tennessean.com\/story\/entertainment\/music\/2016\/09\/25\/country-music-hall-famer-jean-shepard-dead-82\/76568704\/\">Jean Shepard<\/a> and other women in country music who were willing to speak up about the concerns of American women.<\/p>\n<p>Lynn\u2019s songs defied societal expectations by connecting her musical representations of working-class and rural women to broader social issues affecting women across the U.S.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border-radius: 12px;\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/playlist\/6IDd8Os7RLpa9DNKz4Wc33?utm_source=generator\" width=\"100%\" height=\"380\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>She aimed for her music to articulate the fears, dreams and anger of women living in a patriarchal society. It railed against those who idealized women\u2019s domestic roles and demonized outspoken feminists.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ticketstream.streamapse.com\/live-concerts\/the-kid-rock-2022-bad-reputation-tour\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4203\" src=\"http:\/\/read.streamapse.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/BANNER_Kid_Rock.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"961\" height=\"306\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u2018There\u2019s gonna be some changes\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>Specifically, for a generation of predominantly white women in the 1960s and 1970s who did not identify as urban or college-educated feminists, Lynn\u2019s music offered candid conversations about their private lives as wives and mothers.<\/p>\n<p>As Lynn <a href=\"https:\/\/www.grandcentralpublishing.com\/titles\/loretta-lynn\/coal-miners-daughter\/9781538701690\/\">stated in her autobiography<\/a>, her audience recognized her as a \u201cmother and a wife and a daughter, who had feelings just like other women.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>She did this through clever and witty songwriting and lyrical techniques that combined the vernacular of her audience with her resonant voice.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, the song arrangements of Owen Bradley of Decca Records directed Lynn\u2019s musical talents to a broad audience. He combined the edgier sound of honky-tonk instrumentation \u2013 electric guitars, pedal steels and fiddles \u2013 with the polish of the Nashville sound by including the smooth sounding vocal harmonies of the vocal quartet the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jordanaires.net\/\">Jordanaires<\/a>, as heard in numerous country, gospel and rock \u2018n\u2019 roll recordings.<\/p>\n<p>This provided a sound of strength and conviction to accompany Lynn\u2019s bold and forthright songs as she laid bare the double standards of gender roles.<\/p>\n<p>With her assertive and resonant voice, Lynn, in her 1966 track \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/music\/music-lists\/loretta-lynn-best-lyrics-songwriting-175002\/\">Don\u2019t Come Home A Drinkin\u2019 (With Lovin\u2019 on Your Mind)<\/a>,\u201d warns men not to expect women to be waiting at home, sexually available for them after they\u2019d spent the night drinking:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Well, you thought I\u2019d be waitin\u2019 up when you came home last night<\/p>\n<p>You\u2019d been out with all the boys and you ended up half tight<\/p>\n<p>Liquor and love, they just don\u2019t mix<\/p>\n<p>Leave that bottle or me behind<\/p>\n<p>And don\u2019t come home a drinkin\u2019 with lovin\u2019 on your mind<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In a similar vein, Lynn, who <a href=\"https:\/\/www.grandcentralpublishing.com\/titles\/loretta-lynn\/coal-miners-daughter\/9781538701690\/\">claimed that her songs about wayward husbands<\/a> were inspired by her fraught marriage to Oliver \u201cDoolittle\u201d Lynn, confronted the \u201cother woman\u201d in songs such as 1966\u2019s \u201cYou Ain\u2019t Woman Enough\u201d and 1968\u2019s \u201cFist City.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ticketstream.streamapse.com\/live-concerts\/the-kid-rock-2022-bad-reputation-tour\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4203\" src=\"http:\/\/read.streamapse.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/BANNER_Kid_Rock.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"961\" height=\"306\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>A lasting legacy<\/h2>\n<p>Fully aware that her personalized accounts became political messages for her fan base of women, Lynn co-wrote and recorded \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/music\/2022\/10\/04\/loretta-lynn-the-pill\/\">The Pill<\/a>\u201d in 1975. It was a rare foray into the topic of women\u2019s reproductive rights for country music. In typical fashion, though, Lynn approached the issue from the perspective of a rural working-class woman:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>I\u2019m tired of all your crowin\u2019<\/p>\n<p>How you and your hens play<\/p>\n<p>While holdin\u2019 a couple in my arms<\/p>\n<p>Another\u2019s on the way<\/p>\n<p>This chicken\u2019s done tore up her nest<\/p>\n<p>And I\u2019m ready to make a deal<\/p>\n<p>And ya can\u2019t afford to turn it down<\/p>\n<p>\u2018Cause you know I\u2019ve got the pill<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The song\u2019s sexual innuendos about cavorting roosters and hens incorporated the double entendres and humor of early blues and country, while providing a frank discussion about female sexual pleasure. It also addressed the right for women to take control over their bodies and reproduction.<\/p>\n<p>The song came out just two years after <a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/410\/113\/\">the Supreme Court passed Roe v. Wade<\/a>, granting women the ability to govern their own reproductive health through abortion.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, Lynn commented on the Supreme Court\u2019s ruling in her autobiography:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cPersonally, I think you should prevent unwanted pregnancy rather than get an abortion. It would be wrong for me. But I\u2019m thinking of all the poor girls who get pregnant when they don\u2019t want to be, and how they should have a choice instead of leaving it up to some politician or doctor who don\u2019t have to raise the baby.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Her recording \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/music\/2022\/10\/04\/loretta-lynn-the-pill\/\">The Pill<\/a>\u201d spoke to married women who wanted to be able to space out their children and prevent unwanted pregnancies so that they could pursue educational and professional opportunities.<\/p>\n<p>In interviews, Lynn discussed at length how female listeners flocked to her after concerts, relieved to find a public figure with whom they felt comfortable to discuss birth control.<\/p>\n<p>Not everyone was thrilled, though. Male country <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/after-country-stations-banned-loretta-lynns-the-pill-it-became-her-biggest-pop-hit\">disc jockeys banned<\/a> \u201cThe Pill\u201d from the airwaves. Nonetheless, the recording became her biggest seller in 1975 and furthered Lynn\u2019s reputation as a spokeswoman for white rural working-class women.<\/p>\n<p>Her music also inspired the women in country music who followed her to further explore issues of gender roles. Lynn\u2019s legacy lives on in the music of female country artists \u2013 such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reba.com\/\">Reba McEntire<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mirandalambert.com\/\">Miranda Lambert<\/a> \u2013 who learned from Lynn how to create music that confronts and triumphs over the societal obstacles that women face.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ticketstream.streamapse.com\/live-concerts\/the-kid-rock-2022-bad-reputation-tour\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4203\" src=\"http:\/\/read.streamapse.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/BANNER_Kid_Rock.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"961\" height=\"306\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>While all of country music will mourn the death of Lynn, it is perhaps her female fans who will feel the loss more acutely. Lynn gave them a social and political voice, and helped make country music a genre relevant to the complexities of women\u2019s lives.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/191932\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/stephanie-vander-wel-1384131\">Stephanie Vander Wel<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-at-buffalo-925\">University at Buffalo<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/stephanie-vander-wel-1384131\">Stephanie Vander Wel<\/a>, Associate Professor of Music, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-at-buffalo-925\">University at Buffalo<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/loretta-lynn-was-more-than-a-great-songwriter-she-was-a-spokeswoman-for-white-rural-working-class-women-191932\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Loretta Lynn\u2019s death at the age of 90 marks the end of a remarkable life of achievement in country music. Her dramatic life story \u2013 retold in the 1980 award-winning film \u201cCoal Miner\u2019s Daughter,\u201d based on Lynn\u2019s 1976 biography \u2013 made Lynn a household name. She grew up in poverty in a small Kentucky mining [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4603,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4602","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4602"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4602\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4602"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}