{"id":4287,"date":"2022-04-07T13:29:10","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T18:29:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/read.streamapse.com\/?p=4287"},"modified":"2022-04-07T13:29:10","modified_gmt":"2022-04-07T18:29:10","slug":"rosalia-raising-reggaetons-global-cachet-or-robbing-it-of-its-roots","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/?p=4287","title":{"rendered":"Rosal\u00eda: Raising Reggaet\u00f3n\u2019s \u2018Global Cachet\u2019 Or Robbing It Of Its Roots?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Spanish singer Rosal\u00eda\u2019s new album, <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/album\/6jbtHi5R0jMXoliU2OS0lo\">Motomami<\/a>, has received a lot of media attention for its melding of \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/music\/music-album-reviews\/rosalia-album-motomami-review-1321923\/\">every sound at her disposal<\/a>\u201d. Grounded in her flamenco background, the album sways from pop to jazz, is inflected with hip-hop and reggaet\u00f3n beats and even features elements of bachata and salsa.<\/p>\n<p>Rosal\u00eda rose to mainstream visibility in 2018 when her studio album El mal querer (The Bad Loving) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lavanguardia.com\/muyfan\/20200924\/483643951012\/rosalia-rolling-stone-vista-lista-500-mejores-discos.html\">landed in Rolling Stone\u2019s 500 Greatest Albums of All Time<\/a>. But the recent comparison by academics of Rosal\u00eda\u2019s rise to fame with the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomsbury.com\/uk\/fashioning-spain-9781350169265\/\">evolution of reggaet\u00f3n from its Afro-Caribbean roots to a genre with global cachet<\/a>\u201d speaks to the silencing of the music\u2019s rich socio-cultural history.<\/p>\n<p>Rosal\u00eda is not alone, however. Throughout the 2010s and into the 2020s, there\u2019s been a slew of popular songs by white and European Spanish artists that borrow heavily from aLatin and Caribbean music while erasing its Black roots.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ticketstream.streamapse.com\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4216\" src=\"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/736x99_Banner.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"736\" height=\"99\" srcset=\"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/736x99_Banner.jpg 736w, http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/736x99_Banner-300x40.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Reggaet\u00f3n and the \u2018Despacito effect\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>Reggaet\u00f3n is an Afro-Caribbean music genre with a complex history of musical encounters between Panama, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic and New York. Influenced by and built upon styles as diverse as dancehall, hip-hop, merengue, reggae and rap, reggaet\u00f3n\u2019s roots are in the African rhythms that were carried over during the colonisation of the Americas.<\/p>\n<p>In the 1990s in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, reggaet\u00f3n became a vehicle for Black resistance against <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucpress.edu\/book\/9780520300170\/policing-life-and-death\">strict racial hierarchies, oppressive social structures and police brutality<\/a>. But as the global popularity of the music has risen, reggaet\u00f3n has become increasingly \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.insider.com\/reggaeton-artists-are-boycotting-the-latin-grammys-for-whitewashing-2019-10\">white-washed<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>An obvious example of this was when Canadian artist Justin Bieber featured in a remix of Puerto Rican artists\u2019 Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee\u2019s reggaet\u00f3n hit <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/album\/3Gq2Dme9nesdgoqNNlcN8O\">Despacito<\/a> in 2017. Despite the original version\u2019s enormous popularity, Bieber has often been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.complex.com\/music\/2017\/06\/the-politics-of-despacito-and-justin-bieber\">credited with its mainstream success<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dr_GAJZviR0?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Despacito ft. Justin Bieber official music video, YouTube.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>This so-called \u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.billboard.com\/articles\/columns\/latin\/7897123\/latin-music-takeover-despacito-mi-gente-charts\">Despacito effect<\/a>\u201c echoes broader patterns of appropriation and consumption of Caribbean music genres by Euro-American markets \u2013 and the resulting exclusion and marginalisation of their founding figures.<\/p>\n<p>One of the most famous examples of this in Latin music is Enrique Iglesias\u2019s collaboration with Cuban duo Gente de Zona and singer\/producer Descemer Bueno in the 2014 remix of <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/album\/6IUWEebcIc0hs0CkOXemt4?highlight=spotify:track:637bsehtpL2oJruOEL6lZ7\">Bailando<\/a>. The track is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.billboard.com\/music\/latin\/enrique-iglesias-bailando-song-history-7541044\/\">Billboard\u2019s Hot Latin Songs chart\u2019s longest-running number one<\/a>. As American Studies scholar Petra Rivera-Rideau has <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1057\/s41276-019-00210-1\">argued<\/a>, Bailando allowed Enrique Iglesias to reinvent himself as a hip Latin urban singer by relying on Afro-Latino cultural markers \u2013 in this case, reggaet\u00f3n \u2013 while simultaneously embodying Latino whiteness\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2>El mal querer: robbing reggaet\u00f3n\u2019s roots<\/h2>\n<p>The creative and commercial construction of a white Latino image by European artists who produce reggaet\u00f3n is more than simply whitewashing. The shared language might impart a sense of authority and authenticity to these Spaniards. But we must remember that this language is shared precisely because of Spanish colonisation.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NUsoVlDFqZg?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Bailando official music video, YouTube.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Rosal\u00eda\u2019s success in the \u201cLatin\u201d music market as a Spaniard has been met with accusations of cultural appropriation \u2013 a term used to describe the thoughtless adoption of elements of a culture or cultural identity by someone who does not belong to it. Such accusations were particularly loud after the release of the distinctively reggaet\u00f3n track <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=p7bfOZek9t4\">Con Altura<\/a> in 2019. The song was also made in collaboration with Colombian singer J Balvin \u2013- a white artist who recently unabashedly accepted an award for \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/remezcla.com\/music\/j-balvin-afro-latino-artist-of-the-year-award-backlash-aeausa\/\">best Afro-Latino artist of the year<\/a>\u201d. The issue deepened after her subsequent appearance on the cover of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teenvogue.com\/story\/rosalia-fans-calling-out-media-outlets-referring-to-her-as-latinx\">Vogue Mexico<\/a> as a \u201cLatina artist\u201d (Latino\/a refers to someone of Latin American heritage living in the US). The criticism gave rise to important debates about race, class and privilege in Latin and Spanish music.<\/p>\n<p>Talking about Rosal\u00eda\u2019s hit Malamente, the Spanish rapper C. Tangana <a href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/624797\/decoding-despacito-by-leila-cobo\/\">said<\/a>: \u201c[Reggaet\u00f3n is] very valuable to urban culture and Spanish culture. It\u2019s helped people think different, look for a different sound\u201d. Thanks to Rosal\u00eda\u2019s whiteness and Europeanness she has received credit for bestowing Latin culture with an \u201coriginality\u201d and \u201cvalue\u201d. However, that comes from harnessing and combining music rooted in cultural and ethnic backgrounds to which she does not belong.<\/p>\n<p>These colonial legacies of inequality and white privilege can be seen very clearly in Rosal\u00eda\u2019s collaboration with Dominican rapper <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/artist\/2p4aN0Uxkk3iT3HK0cJ2cJ\">Tokischa<\/a> on the hit song <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/album\/6rFyXU9FiGytyYqfbwYO09?highlight=spotify:track:1ahCrpeTt94LL7y1aXw0Y8\">Linda<\/a>. Here, explicit references to Rosal\u00eda\u2019s Spanish heritage are made in an Afro-Dominican space upon which she can capitalise and over which, as the lyrics go, she is \u201cruling\u201d.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CmmTz3W-JO0?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\"><strong>Linda<\/strong> official music video, YouTube.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Rosal\u00eda\u2019s 2020 Grammys win in the \u201cbest Latin rock, urban, or alternative album\u201d category adds more fuel to the fire.<\/p>\n<p>Rosal\u00eda is not Latina. Also, the since-renamed \u201curban\u201d award is a racially marked category into which Black artists \u2013 be it of reggaet\u00f3n or other genres \u2013 have been pigeonholed. Competition in the Latin Grammys\u2019 \u201cBig Four\u201d (album, record and song of the Year and best new artist), on the other hand, has been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.popdust.com\/grammys-progressive-rb-category-regressive-2646200424.html\">dominated by white artists<\/a>, who have also been able to win in \u201curban\u201d categories. Practices of exploitation and discrimination embedded in the music industry are irrefutable. White artists have beaten Black artists on an incredibly uneven playing field.<\/p>\n<p>When we recognise reggaet\u00f3n\u2019s rich and complex cultural history, it becomes obvious that Rosal\u00eda is not raising its \u201cglobal cachet\u201d. And as reggaet\u00f3n continues to gain visibility on the global stage without its history, we cannot overlook the injustices that have been imposed upon its creators throughout its international boom.<\/p>\n<p>Reggaet\u00f3n historian <a href=\"http:\/\/katelinatv.com\/en\/home\/\">Katelina Eccleston<\/a> (aka <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ReggaetonXGata\">La Gata<\/a>) is one important figure who deserves our attention. As Eccleston makes clear in her recent article on J Balvin\u2019s participation in the reggaet\u00f3n scene, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.papermag.com\/j-balvin-jose-2655280932.html?rebelltitem=22#rebelltitem22\">this social responsibility doesn\u2019t fall on one person<\/a>\u201d. It is down to musicians and industries, scholars and audiences alike to elevate, celebrate, and preserve its roots. So, when we\u2019re performing, analysing, or dancing along to the next hottest reggaet\u00f3n hit, let us remember where it came from and be critical of who is performing it.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/172577\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/ellen-rebecca-bishell-1143988\">Ellen Rebecca Bishell<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/newcastle-university-906\">Newcastle University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/ellen-rebecca-bishell-1143988\">Ellen Rebecca Bishell<\/a>, PhD Researcher and Associate Lecturer in Modern Languages, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/newcastle-university-906\">Newcastle University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/rosalia-raising-reggaetons-global-cachet-or-robbing-it-of-its-roots-172577\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spanish singer Rosal\u00eda\u2019s new album, Motomami, has received a lot of media attention for its melding of \u201cevery sound at her disposal\u201d. Grounded in her flamenco background, the album sways from pop to jazz, is inflected with hip-hop and reggaet\u00f3n beats and even features elements of bachata and salsa. Rosal\u00eda rose to mainstream visibility in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4288,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[797,574,720,798,799,703,800],"class_list":["post-4287","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-cachet","tag-global","tag-raising","tag-reggaeton","tag-robbing","tag-roots","tag-rosalia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4287","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4287"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4287\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4288"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4287"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}