{"id":3931,"date":"2021-10-05T16:04:47","date_gmt":"2021-10-05T21:04:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/read.streamapse.com\/?p=3931"},"modified":"2024-04-12T16:29:29","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T21:29:29","slug":"miles-davis-one-of-the-most-influential-musicians-of-the-20th-century","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/?p=3931","title":{"rendered":"Miles Davis One Of The Most Influential Musicians Of The 20th Century"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/bjorn-heile-255171\">Bj\u00f6rn Heile<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-glasgow-1269\">University of Glasgow<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Thirty years after his <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1991\/09\/29\/nyregion\/miles-davis-trumpeter-dies-jazz-genius-65-defined-cool.html\">death<\/a>, the music of Miles Davis is going strong. Davis defined the sound \u2013 and sounds \u2013 of modern jazz like no other in the way he integrated the electrical instrumentation of genres like rock, funk and soul. He is one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century, in any genre.<\/p>\n<p>One way this can be seen is just how often he is sampled by modern musicians.<\/p>\n<p>For example, Davis can be heard providing the smooth, laid-back accompaniment to Trademark Da Skydiver\u2019s more energetic and accentuated rapping on the track <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9kx8D2qlfcw\">Super Sticky<\/a>. Listen, and after the velvet tones of John Coltrane\u2019s tenor sax, you\u2019ll hear the instantly recognisable plaintive wail of Davis\u2019s muted trumpet from his song <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=nTwp1sgUJrM\">Flamenco Sketches<\/a> \u2013 one of the most famous tunes from Kind of Blue (1959), the best-selling jazz album of all time.<\/p>\n<p>Hip-hop artists like The Roots, Mobb Deep, The Beatnuts, Black Moon, Heavy Da and The Boyz, Notorious BIG, Diddy, Outkast, Queen Latifah \u2013 to name just a few \u2013 have all sampled the jazz trumpeter.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9kx8D2qlfcw?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/figure>\n<h2>Innovating jazz<\/h2>\n<p>Davis seemed destined for greatness from the start. His recording debut could not have been more auspicious. In 1945, having failed to finish his education at the prestigious Julliard School in New York City, he replaced Dizzy Gillespie in a recording session for saxophonist Charlie Parker \u2013 the most highly regarded jazz musician of that, if not any other time. Dizzy Gillespie\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KxibMBV3nFo\">A Night in Tunisia<\/a> is a good example from this session.<\/p>\n<p>Though Davis\u2019s schooling in the fast-paced, aggressive bebop of the 1940s proved essential, it is his subsequent work as bandleader for which he is primarily remembered.<\/p>\n<p>He formed a Nonet (group of nine musicians) with an unusual line-up, including French horn and tuba. Although the recordings were not immediately successful, they heralded the \u201ccool jazz\u201d that would prove popular with musicians dissatisfied with the formulaic nature of bebop and its emphasis on virtuosity. It would be the 1957 issuing of the album <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hdmQ6cwgKgk\">Birth of the Cool<\/a> containing recordings dating back to 1949, which brought the music to wider recognition.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/k94zDsJ-JMU?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/figure>\n<p>In those heady years, one style quickly followed another and Davis was at the leading edge of most of them. After cool jazz came \u201chard bop\u201d \u2013 a return to the edginess of bebop combined with the emerging \u201crhythm \u2018n\u2019 blues\u201d. This can be heard in the song <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rQBjF0NsVJ0&amp;ab_channel=kristkrst\">When Lights Are Low<\/a> (1955). There was also the rise of \u201cmodal jazz\u201d, using scales as the basis for melodic invention, rather than the underlying chords. The result was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=k94zDsJ-JMU\">Milestones<\/a> (1958), one of his masterworks, which was soon followed by the legendary <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=j9QXpfvgSVk\">Kind of Blue<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>These works cemented his reputation, arguably making Davis the most admired jazz musician of the 1960s. It is characteristic that Davis wasn\u2019t satisfied with this adulation but continued to experiment.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3855\" src=\"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/NEW-SITE-BANNER2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1195\" height=\"261\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Electrifying jazz<\/h2>\n<p>Fascinated by rock, funk and soul, he added electric instruments \u2013 electric guitars, pianos and keyboards \u2013 as well as a driving beat to his music. The result was \u201cfusion\u201d and from that came the album <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YHesqaMhh34\">In a Silent Way<\/a>(1969). Then came the \u201cjazz rock\u201d of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=50fB5L1vmn8\">Bitches Brew<\/a>(1970). As it did for folk artist <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/music\/features\/bob-dylan-electric-guitar-newport-folk-festival-a9630751.html\">Bob Dylan<\/a>, electrification proved risky for Davis. Parts of the jazz community have never forgiven him for what they saw as \u201cselling out\u201d. However, beyond jazz, his reputation has steadily grown.<\/p>\n<p>In 1975, Davis withdrew from the public sphere. He had long been plagued by ill-health, which was exacerbated by drug abuse.<\/p>\n<p>This was part of the dark side of his life. While he courted controversy in his lifetime because of his drug abuse and often moody and bad-tempered behaviour, it is his often abusive and violent treatment of women that threatens to overshadow his legacy. In 2006, his ex-wife <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/11\/19\/movies\/19broe.html\">Frances Davis claimed<\/a> that she \u201cleft running for [her] life \u2013 more than once,\u201d further detailing how the musician pressured her to give up her career because, as he said, \u201cA woman should be with her man.\u201d Some of his other wives and partners have made similar claims.<\/p>\n<p>Davis would re-emerged in 1980 and managed to continue his career right up to his death on September 28, 1991.<\/p>\n<p>In this time he remained open to new influences, including hip-hop, which he incorporated in his last studio album <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Hs7NjK7twXU&amp;list=PL6_36KgtUNTdawL2rAwaVHOKLGCegayqs\">Doo-bop<\/a>(1991). So he would almost certainly have approved his work being sampled.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/d8QzACfFGlw?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/figure>\n<p>His unique skill as a composer and bandleader consisted of collecting an often diverse group of uniquely talented, often young, musicians and feeding off their ideas \u2013 to the point that the authorship of many of his best-known tracks is contested.<\/p>\n<p>For example, many believe that the pianist Bill Evans composed \u201cBlue in Green\u201d from Kind of Blue. However, even if it is not always clear who contributed which note, the results are almost always unmistakably Miles.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/168785\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/bjorn-heile-255171\">Bj\u00f6rn Heile<\/a>, Professor of Music (post-1900), <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-glasgow-1269\">University of Glasgow<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-miles-davis-electrified-jazz-168785\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bj\u00f6rn Heile, University of Glasgow Thirty years after his death, the music of Miles Davis is going strong. Davis defined the sound \u2013 and sounds \u2013 of modern jazz like no other in the way he integrated the electrical instrumentation of genres like rock, funk and soul. He is one of the most influential musicians [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3932,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[921,30],"tags":[662,213,663,664,544],"class_list":["post-3931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-streamapse-highlights","category-streamapse-reports","tag-century","tag-davis","tag-influential","tag-miles","tag-musicians"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3931","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3931"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3931\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5420,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3931\/revisions\/5420"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3931"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/streamapse.com\/Magazine\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}